1. Sample Collection Fungal Broth Culture : Grow the fungal strain in a suitable liquid medium (e.g., Potato Dextrose Broth , Malt Extract Broth , or Czapek-Dox Broth ) under optimized conditions (temperature, pH, and incubation time, typically 25…
NanoDrop spectrophotometer for DNA quality Analysis The NanoDrop spectrophotometer is a widely used tool for quantifying and assessing the quality of DNA, RNA, and proteins in small sample volumes (1–2 µL). It measures the absorbance of ultraviolet…
Zig-Zag Model of Plant Immunity The Zig-Zag Model is a conceptual framework used to describe the dynamic interaction between plants and pathogens. It illustrates how plants detect and respond to pathogens through their innate immune system , and ho…
